Ключевые слова: amundsen, arctic islands, arctic ocean, arctic region, cold, cold climate, conquest north pole, development north, drifting ice station, fjl, frantz josef land, franz josef archipelago, gauge station, gauging station, glacier, high arctic, high latitudes, ice, icy cold, island hooker, log house, meteorological observatory, meteorological reporting point, meteorological station, meteorological watch office, nansen, north, north island, north pole, ocean, oceanography, polar station, polar year, promotion north, russian arctic, science of atmosphere, screen, sea, severe land, snowfield, stevenson screen, synoptic station, thermometer screen, timber house, weather base, weather bureau station, weather shack, weatherology, weatherstation, wood house, wooden house,