Ключевые слова: alpine climate, backpacking, coniferous trees, elevation, erosion, exogeology, glacial lakes, glaciation, greenhouse effect, high mountains, hiking, ice climbing, large landform, lithospheric plates, microclimate, mountain ranges, mountain sickness, mountaineering, mountains rocks, orography, peak, relief, rock climbing, skiing, sky islands, snowboarding, spacing, steepness, subalpine forests, troposphere, tundra, volume,