Ключевые слова: africa, agriculture, arid, aridity, black, black man, closed, cultivate, culture, desert, desertification, despair, development, drought, dry, dune heap crisis, ecological, ecology, elapsed, environment, farmer, farming, finger, fist, flow, global warming, hand, heat, hot, hunger, impotence, male, mali, mauritania, niger, power, problem, rain, sahara, saharan, sahel, sand, sanded, sanding, sandstorms, senegal, sustainable, sustainable development, thirst, tradition, traditional, water shortage,