Ключевые слова: alignment, anatomy, bone, cervical, column, complication, decompression, disc, disease, fixation, fracture, fusion, graft, hardware, implant, infection, intervention, loosening, lumbar, medical, metal, orthopedic, outcome, pain, pseudarthrosis, radiology, rod, screw, spine, stabilization, surgery, technology, thoracic, treatment, vertebral, xray,