Ключевые слова: abuse, antique, beating, brickbuilt, cage, captured, chain, condemned, court column, disgrace, disgraceful, disgraceful chair, execution, flew, foot block, historical, humiliation, iron, italian, jurisdiction, kaak, market place, martyred, medieval, mortar, neck iron, old town, passerby, penalty of honor, pillar, pillory, platform, public, punitive tool, restored, round arches, round iron, shackled, shame stake, stake, stalks, stick, stone, torture, verona, wall, wooden post,